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Coccinella sp7/8/2023 Numerous studies on diapause have elucidated the mechanisms of environmental regulation, particularly the role of the hormonal system in the occurrence and termination of diapause. septempunctata L., the insect’s lifespan was significantly extended during diapause to more than 220 days, whereas the typical lifespan of this insect is approximately 63 days. For example, in a study of the physiological characteristics of diapause in the lady beetle C. Although these characteristics can make artificial propagation more challenging, they are also used to extend the shelf lives of insects. Thus, the resistance of the insects is strengthened. Once insects enter into the diapause state, they grow slowly, showing low metabolism or developmental stagnation for a long period in the absence of a specific stimulus to break diapause. ĭiapause is a genetic phenomenon in which an insect’s growth is almost terminated in response to one or more specific environmental stimuli and can only be reinitiated by another specific stimulus this is a behavior that allows insects to adapt to the environment. After late April or early May, the adults that have survived hibernation begin to spawn. Pollution from chemical pesticides can be reduced by using lady beetles to control aphids. is one of the most important species of coccinellids in controlling aphid populations. In Europe, experiments on greenhouse crops, such as tomatoes, cucumbers and sweet peppers, have shown that C. septempunctata L.), lacewings ( Chrysoperla carnea), and true bugs ( Orius insidiosus), appear to play key roles in regulating aphid populations. The natural enemies of soybean aphids, such as lady beetles ( Harmonia axyridis and C. This species has been widely utilized as a biocontrol agent against various aphids because of its wide range of adaptability, large appetite, high reproductive ability and ease of mass rearing and has yielded numerous ecological and economic benefits. The diapause-associated genes that we identified establish a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of diapause.īoth larval and adult Coccinella septempunctata L., the seven-spot ladybird beetle, are excellent predators of multiple aphid species. septempunctata L., providing a resource for gene function research. We generated a vast quantity of transcriptome data from C. In this study, a new method for collecting and identifying diapause insects was described. Among these eight genes, seven genes were up-regulated, and one gene was down-regulated the change trends of the eight genes were the same between the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis results. Furthermore, eight specific expressed genes were selected for validation using qRT-PCR. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed on all DEGs and showed that RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity and fatty acid metabolism were significantly affected. Moreover, 443 of the DEGs were specifically expressed during the diapause period (i.e., DEGs that were expressed at the highest or lowest levels during diapause compared with the other stages). Through pairwise comparisons of the non-diapause (ND), diapause (D), and diapause-terminated (DT) groups, 3,501 and 1,427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between D and ND and between DT and D, respectively. We performed further analysis of these unigenes using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. All of the unigenes were annotated through BLASTX alignment against the Nr or UniProt database, and 37,872 unigenes were matched. Additionally, 106,262 contigs were assembled into 82,820 unigenes with an average length of 921 bp and an N50 of 1,241 bp. ResultsĪfter transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform with pretreatment, a total of 417.6 million clean reads from nine samples were filtered using the program FASTX (version 0.0). Therefore, we collected female adults in three different states, i.e., non-diapause, diapause and diapause termination, for transcriptome sequencing. ![]() Although this lady beetle’s regulatory, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the diapause period are well understood, the molecular mechanism of diapause remains unknown. Diapause research plays an important role in the artificial propagation and shelf-life extension of insect products. The most common ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L., is an excellent predator of crop pests such as aphids and white flies, and it shows a wide range of adaptability, a large appetite and a high reproductive ability.
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